Bibliography
Bill
Endres
Works authored
Endres, Bill, Digitizing medieval manuscripts: the St Chad Gospels, materiality, recoveries, and representation in 2D & 3D, ARC - Medieval Media Cultures, Leeds: ARC Humanities Press, 2019. 128 pp.
abstract:
What does it mean to digitize a medieval manuscript? This book examines this question by exploring a range of advanced imaging technologies, from multispectral to 3D to reflectance transformation imaging. To understand imaging technologies requires an understanding of the complex materiality of what is being digitized and, to this end, the book focuses on the relationship between digital technologies and the complex materiality of manuscripts and the human bodies that engages them.
From this perspective, the chapters explore imaging technologies, interfaces to present digital surrogates, and limitations to and enhancements through the digital. But lest past photographic information be lost, the book also examines historical photographs, exploring their rich visual information, and how digitizing and comparing them transforms what can be known. Examples and innovations from the author’s work digitizing the eighth-century St. Chad Gospels at Lichfield Cathedral are provided.
From this perspective, the chapters explore imaging technologies, interfaces to present digital surrogates, and limitations to and enhancements through the digital. But lest past photographic information be lost, the book also examines historical photographs, exploring their rich visual information, and how digitizing and comparing them transforms what can be known. Examples and innovations from the author’s work digitizing the eighth-century St. Chad Gospels at Lichfield Cathedral are provided.
abstract:
What does it mean to digitize a medieval manuscript? This book examines this question by exploring a range of advanced imaging technologies, from multispectral to 3D to reflectance transformation imaging. To understand imaging technologies requires an understanding of the complex materiality of what is being digitized and, to this end, the book focuses on the relationship between digital technologies and the complex materiality of manuscripts and the human bodies that engages them.
From this perspective, the chapters explore imaging technologies, interfaces to present digital surrogates, and limitations to and enhancements through the digital. But lest past photographic information be lost, the book also examines historical photographs, exploring their rich visual information, and how digitizing and comparing them transforms what can be known. Examples and innovations from the author’s work digitizing the eighth-century St. Chad Gospels at Lichfield Cathedral are provided.
From this perspective, the chapters explore imaging technologies, interfaces to present digital surrogates, and limitations to and enhancements through the digital. But lest past photographic information be lost, the book also examines historical photographs, exploring their rich visual information, and how digitizing and comparing them transforms what can be known. Examples and innovations from the author’s work digitizing the eighth-century St. Chad Gospels at Lichfield Cathedral are provided.
Websites
Endres, Bill [dir.], Manuscripts of Lichfield Cathedral, Online: University of Kentucky, College of Arts & Sciences, ?–present. URL: <https://lichfield.ou.edu/>.
Website offering digital reproductions of two manuscripts in Lichfield Cathedral Library: the St Chad Gospels and the Wycliffe New Testament. In 2014, images were captured of “dry-point glosses and the state of pigment in the St Chad Gospels ... including previously unknown dry-point glosses” (identified as glosses containing Old English personal names).
Website offering digital reproductions of two manuscripts in Lichfield Cathedral Library: the St Chad Gospels and the Wycliffe New Testament. In 2014, images were captured of “dry-point glosses and the state of pigment in the St Chad Gospels ... including previously unknown dry-point glosses” (identified as glosses containing Old English personal names).
Contributions to journals
Endres, Bill, “The St Chad Gospels: ligatures and the division of hands”, Manuscripta: A Journal for Manuscript Research 59:2 (2015): 159–186.
abstract:
This article explores the group of scribes who copied the eighth-century St. Chad Gospels and attempts to establish their number. Because of the regularity of script and inadequate reproductions available to earlier investigators, this question has been insufficiently pursued. In the past, the consistency of hands has encouraged a single- or perhaps two-scribe theory. However, regularity of script can be deceptive. To identify scribes, scholars of Insular manuscripts regularly turn to features such as ink preferences, abbreviations, and pricking of vellum. In the case of the St. Chad Gospels, ligatures at the ends of lines provide significant evidence. They suggest that at least four scribes, or possibly more, copied the St. Chad Gospels, and that the script was the product of a well-orchestrated effort by multiple scribes directed by a master scribe.
abstract:
This article explores the group of scribes who copied the eighth-century St. Chad Gospels and attempts to establish their number. Because of the regularity of script and inadequate reproductions available to earlier investigators, this question has been insufficiently pursued. In the past, the consistency of hands has encouraged a single- or perhaps two-scribe theory. However, regularity of script can be deceptive. To identify scribes, scholars of Insular manuscripts regularly turn to features such as ink preferences, abbreviations, and pricking of vellum. In the case of the St. Chad Gospels, ligatures at the ends of lines provide significant evidence. They suggest that at least four scribes, or possibly more, copied the St. Chad Gospels, and that the script was the product of a well-orchestrated effort by multiple scribes directed by a master scribe.
